#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
void call_by_reference(int &a, int &b) {
int temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
void call_by_address(int *a, int *b) {
int temp = *a;
*a = *b;
*b = temp;
}
void call_by_value(int a, int b) {
int temp = a;
a = b;
b = temp;
}
int main() {
int a_1 = 3;
int b_1 = 7;
int a_2 = 3;
int b_2 = 7;
int a_3 = 3;
int b_3 = 7;
call_by_reference(a_1, b_1);
call_by_address(&a_2, &b_2);
call_by_value(a_3, b_3);
printf("%d %d\n", a_1, b_1);
printf("%d %d\n", a_2, b_2);
printf("%d %d\n", a_3, b_3);
return 0;
}